Behavior Modification

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here for more information

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Donohue, B.
Right arrow Articles by Lancer, K.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Donohue, B.
Right arrow Articles by Lancer, K.
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
Behavior Modification, Vol. 31, No. 6, 937-957 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445507303827

Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Sport Interference Checklist

Brad Donohue

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

N. Clayton Silver

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Yani Dickens

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Tracey Covassin

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Kevin Lancer

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

The Sport Interference Checklist (SIC) was developed in 141 athletes to assist in the concurrent assessment of cognitive and behavioral problems experienced by athletes in both training (Problems in Sports Training Scale, PSTS) and competition (Problems in Sports Competition Scale, PSCS). An additional scale (Desire for Sport Psychology Scale, DSPS) was developed to assess the degree to which athletes desire sport psychology assistance in areas that are determined to be problematic. Factor analysis of PSCS items reveals six factors (Dysfunctional Thoughts and Stress, Academic and Adjustment Problems, Injury Concerns, Lack of Motivation, Overly Confident/Critical, Pain Intolerance), accounting for 64% of the total variance. PSTS and DSPS items yield four factors (Dysfunctional Thoughts and Stress, Academic Problems, Injury Concerns, Poor Team Relationships), accounting for 59% and 63% of total variance, respectively. Scores from these scales demonstrate acceptable internal consistency and convergent and discriminative validity. Response patterns of SIC scales are not influenced by gender or athlete type.

Key Words: sport psychology • assessment • psychometric • consultation • attitudes

References

  • Anderson, M.B. (2002). Helping college student-athletes in and out of sport. In J. L. Van Raalte & B. W. Brewer (Eds.), Exploring sport and exercise psychology (pp. 373-393). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 57, 289-300.
  • Bloom, B. (1985). Developing talent in young people. New York: Ballantine.
  • Bloor, M.B., Frankland, J.L., Thomas, M.T., & Robson, K. (2001). Focus groups in social research: Introducing qualitative methods. London: Sage Ltd.
  • Brustad, R. (1993). Who will go out and play? Parental and psychological influences on children's attraction to physical activity. Pediatric Exercise Science, 5, 210-223.[ISI]
  • Brustad, R.J., & Partridge, J.A. (2002). Parental roles and involvement in youth sport. In F. L. Smoll & R. E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocial perspective (2nd ed., pp. 187-210). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
  • Butt, D.S. (1979). Short scales for the measurement of sport motivations. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 10, 203-216.[ISI]
  • Cogan, K.D., & Petrie, T.A. (1996). Consultation with college student-athletes. College Student Journal, 30, 9-16.
  • Comrey, A.L., & Lee, H.B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Crocker, P., Bailey, D., Faulkner, R., Kowalski, K., & McGrath, R. (1997). Measuring general levels of physical activity: Preliminary evidence for the physical activity questionnaire for older children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29, 1344-1349.[ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Crossman, J. (1997). Psychological rehabilitation from sports injuries. Sports Medicine, 23, 333-339.[ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Dean, C., & Hoerner, E. (1986). Injury rates in team sports and individual recreation. In P. F. Vinger & E. F. Hoerner (Eds.), Sports injuries: The unthwarted epidemic. Littleton, MA: PSG.
  • Derogatis, L.R. (1994). SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual (3rd ed.). Minneapolis, MN: Author.
  • Derogatis, L.R. (1997). Appropriateness of SCL-90-R adolescent and adult norms in outpatient and nonpatient college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 294-301.[CrossRef][ISI]
  • Dishman, R., Ickles, W., & Morgan, W. (1980). Self-motivation and adherence to habitual physical activity. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10, 115-132.
  • Donohue, B., Covassin, T., Lancer, K., Dickens, Y., Miller, Y., Hash, A., et al. (2004). Examination of psychiatric symptoms in student athletes. Journal of General Psychology, 131, 29-35.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Donohue, B., Dickens, Y., Lancer, K., Covassin, T., Hash, A., Miller, A., et al. (2004). Improving athletes' perspectives of sport psychology consultation: A controlled evaluation of two interview methods. Behavior Modification, 28, 182-193.[Abstract]
  • Dzewaltowski, D. (1989). Toward a model of exercise motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 251-269.
  • Engwall, D., Hunter, R., & Steinberg, M. (2004). Gambling and other risk behaviors on university campuses. Journal of American College Health, 52(6), 245-255.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gieck, J., & Hedgpeth, E. (1989). Considerations for rehabilitation of the injured athlete. In W. Prentice (Ed.), Rehabilitation techniques in sports medicine (3rd ed.). Dubuque, IA: WCB/McGraw-Hill.
  • Gill, D.L., Gross, J.B., & Huddleston, S. (1983). Participation motivation in youth sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 14, 1-14.
  • Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W.F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 265-275.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Harmison, R.J., & Petrie, T.A. (1998). Factor analysis of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Sport Psychology Consultation Questionnaire (ATSSPCQ): A replication and extension. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10, 80.
  • Hellstedt, J. (1988). Early adolescent perceptions of parental pressure in the sport environment. Journal of Sport Behavior, 13, 135-144.
  • Hill, C.E., & O'Brien, K.M. (1999). Helping skills: Facilitating exploration, insight, and action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Hyland, M.E. (2003). A brief guide to the selection of a quality of life instrument. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1, 24.[CrossRef]
  • Kerber, C. (2005). Problem and pathological gambling among college athletes. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists, 17(4), 243-247.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Krueger, R.A., & Casey, M. (2000). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Leichliter, J.S., Meilman, P.W., Presley, C.A., & Cashin, M.A. (1998). Alcohol use and related consequences among students with varying levels of involvement in college athletics. Journal of American College Health, 46, 257-262.[ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Linder, D.E., Brewer, B.W., Van Raalte, J.L., & de Lange, N. (1991). A negative halo for athletes who consult sport psychologists: Replication and extension. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 133-148.
  • Linder, D.E., Pillow, D.R., & Reno, R.R. (1989). Shrinking jocks: Derogation of athletes who consult a sport psychologist. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 270-280.
  • Markland, D., & Hardy, L. (1993). The Exercise Motivations inventory: Preliminary development and validity of a measure of individual's reasons for participation in regular physical exercise. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 289-296.[CrossRef][ISI]
  • Martin, E., & Dodder, R.A. (1991). Socialization experiences and level of terminating participation in sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 14, 113-128.
  • Martin, G.L., & Toogood, S.A. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral components of a seasonal psychological skills training program for competitive figure skaters. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 4, 383-404.[CrossRef][ISI]
  • Martin, S.B., Kellmann, M., Lavellee, D., & Page, S. (2002). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Sport Psychology Attitudes—Revised Form: A multiple group investigation. The Sport Psychologist, 16, 272-290.
  • Martin, S.B., Wrisberg, C.A., Beitel, P.A., & Lounsbury, J. (1997). NCAA Division I athletes' attitudes toward seeking sport psychology consultation: The development of an objective instrument. The Sport Psychologist, 11(2), 201-218.
  • McCann, S. (1995). Overtraining and burnout. In S. M. Murphy (Eds.), Sport psychology interventions (pp. 347-368). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Meyers, A.W., Whelan, J.P., & Murphy, S.M. (1996). Cognitive behavioral strategies in athletic performance enhancement. Progress in Behavioral Modification, 30, 137-164.
  • Millward, L.J. (1995). Focus groups. In G. M. Breakwell, S. Hammond, & C. Fife-Schaw (Eds.), Research methods in psychology (pp. 274-292). London: Sage Ltd.
  • Mullan, E., Markland, D., & Ingeldew, D. (1997). A graded conceptualization of self-determination in the regulation of exercise behavior: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 745-752.[CrossRef][ISI]
  • Pelletier, L.G., Fortier, M.S., Vallerand, R.J., Tuson, K.M., Briere, N.M., & Blais, N.R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 35-53.
  • Prentice, W. (2003). Arnheim's principles of athletic training: A competency-based approach (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ravizza, K. (1988). Gaining entry with athletic personnel for season-long consulting. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 243-254.
  • Ritchie, J., & Lewis, J. (Eds.). (2003). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage Ltd.
  • Schwenz, S. (2001). Psychology of injury and rehabilitation, Athletic Therapy Today, 6, 44-50.
  • Silva, J.M. (1984). Personality and sport performance: Controversy and challenge. In J. M. & R. S. Weinberg (Eds.), Psychological foundations of sport (pp. 59-69). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Smith, R.E., Smoll, F.L., & Schutz, R.W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2, 263-280.
  • Sullivan, J., & Hodge, K. (1991). A survey of coaches and athletes about sport psychology in New Zealand. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 140-151.
  • Udry, C. (1997). Recent advances in empirical microeconomic research in poor countries: An annotated bibliography. The Journal of Economic Education, 28, 58-75.[CrossRef]
  • Van Raalte, J., Brewer, B., Brewer, D., & Linder, D. (1992). NCAA Division II college football players' perceptions of an athlete who consults a sport psychologist. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 273-282.
  • Van Raalte, J., Brewer, B., Linder, D., & DeLange, D. (1990). Perceptions of sport oriented professionals: A multi-dimensional scaling analysis. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 228-234.
  • Weinberg, R., & Comar, W. (1994). The effectiveness of psychological interventions in competitive sport. Sports Medicine, 18, 406-418.[ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Weinberg, R., & Williams, J. (1998). Integrating and implementing a psychological skills training program. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology: Personal growth to peak performance (pp. 329-358). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
  • Weiss, M., Bredemeirer, B., & Shewchuk, R. (1985). An intrinsic-extrinsic motivation scale for the youth sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 75-91.[ISI]
  • Weiss, M., & Fretwell, S. (2005). The parent-coach/child-athlete relationship in youth sport: Cordial, contentious, or conundrum? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76(3), 286-306.[ISI][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Woolger, C., & Power, T. (1993). Parent and sport socialization: Views from the achievement literature. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 171-189.
  • Youngblood, D., & Suinn, R. (1980). A behavioral assessment of motivation. In R. M. Suinn (Ed.), Psychology in sports (pp. 73-77). Minneapolis, MN: Burgess.

Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?



This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Donohue, B.
Right arrow Articles by Lancer, K.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Donohue, B.
Right arrow Articles by Lancer, K.
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?