Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here to sign up for SAGE Journal Email Alerts today!

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Behavior Modification
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (8)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Forman, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Geller, P. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Forman, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Geller, P. A.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression

Evan M. Forman

Department of Psychology, Drexel University, evan.forman{at}drexel.edu

James D. Herbert

Department of Psychology, Drexel University

Ethan Moitra

Department of Psychology, Drexel University

Peter D. Yeomans

Department of Psychology, Drexel University

Pamela A. Geller

Department of Psychology, Drexel University

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has a small but growing database of support. One hundred and one heterogeneous outpatients reporting moderate to severe levels of anxiety or depression were randomly assigned to traditional cognitive therapy (CT) or to ACT. To maximize external validity, the authors utilized very minimal exclusion criteria. Participants receiving CT and ACT evidenced large, equivalent improvements in depression, anxiety, functioning difficulties, quality of life, life satisfaction, and clinician-rated functioning. Whereas improvements were equivalent across the two groups, the mechanisms of action appeared to differ. Changes in "observing" and "describing" one's experiences appeared to mediate outcomes for the CT group relative to the ACT group, whereas "experiential avoidance," "acting with awareness," and "acceptance" mediated outcomes for the ACT group. Overall, the results suggest that ACT is a viable and disseminable treatment, the effectiveness of which appears equivalent to that of CT, even as its mechanisms appear to be distinct.

Key Words: acceptance and commitment therapy • cognitive therapy • cognitive-behavior therapy • psychotherapy outcome • mechanisms of action

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Bach, P., & Hayes, S.C. (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1129-1139.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., & Allen, K.B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11, 191-206.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Barber, J.P., & DeRubeis, R.J. (1989). On second thought: Where the action is in cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13, 441-457.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Barnes-Holmes, Y., Hayes, S.C., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Roche, B. (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. In H. W. Reese & R. Kail (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior (pp. 101-138). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Beck, A.T. (1993). Cognitive therapy: Past, present, and future. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 194-198.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Beck, A.T. (1997). The past and future of cognitive therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 6, 276-284.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Beck, A.T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy: A 40-year retrospective. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953-959.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R.A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W.F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588-597.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). BDI-II manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Garbin, M.G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Block, J.A. (2002). Acceptance or change of private experiences: A comparative analysis in college students with public speaking anxiety. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University at Albany, State University of New York.
  • Block, J.A., & Wulfert, E. (2000). Acceptance and change: Treating socially anxious college students with ACT or CBGT. Behavior Analyst Today, 1, 3-10.
  • Bond, F.W., & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 156-163.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Bond, F.W., & Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 1057-1067.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Borcovec, T.D., & Nau, S.D. (1972). Credibility of analogue therapy rationales. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 3, 257-260.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 17-31.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Casey, L.M., Newcombe, P.A., & Oei, T.P.S. (2005). Cognitive mediation of panic severity: The role of catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations and panic self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 187-200.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Clark, D.A., Beck, A., & Brown, G. (1989). Cognitive mediation in general psychiatric outpatients: A test of the content-specificity hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 958-964.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Creswell, J.D., Welch, W.T., Taylor, S.E., Sherman, D.K., Gruenewald, T.L., & Mann, T. (in press). Value affirmation and stress: Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science.
  • Dalrymple, K.L., & Herbert, J.D. (2007). Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Depression Guideline Panel. (1993). Depressions in Primary Care. Vol. 2: Treatment of major depression (AHCPR Publication No. 930551). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
  • DeRubeis, R.J., Evans, M.D., Hollon, S.D., Garvey, M.J., Grove, W.M., & Tuason, V.B. (1990). How does cognitive therapy work? Cognitive change and symptom change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 862-869.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S.D., Dobson, K.S., Schmaling, K.B., Kohlenberg, R.J., Addis, M.E., et al. (2006). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 658-670.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Dobson' K.S. (1989). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology ' 57' 414-419.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Emmelkamp, P.M., Mersch, P.P., Vissia, E., & Van der Helm, M. (1985). Social phobia: A comparative evaluation of cognitive and behavioral interventions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 365-369.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Feske, U., & Chambless, D.L. (1995). Cognitive behavioral versus exposure only treatment for social phobia: A meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 26, 695-720.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Foa, E.B., Dancu, C.V., Hembree, E.A., Jaycox, L.H., Meadows, E.A., & Street, G.P. (1999). A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 194-200.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Foa, E.B., Hembree, E.A., Cahill, S.P., Rauch, S.A.M., Riggs, D.S., Feeny, N.C., et al. (2005). Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: Outcome at academic and community clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 953-964.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Forman, E., & Herbert, J.D. (2007). Comparing and contrasting cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy: Theory, technology, effectiveness, and mechanisms. Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Frisch, M.B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P.J. (1992). Clinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory. A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 92-101.[CrossRef]
  • Gaffan, E.A., Tsaousis, J., & Kemp-Wheeler, S.M. (1995). Researcher allegiance and meta-analysis: The case of cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 966-980.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Garfield, S.L. (1994). Research on client variables in psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (4th ed., pp. 190-228). Oxford, England: Wiley.
  • Gaudiano, B.A., & Herbert, J.D. (2006). Acute treatment of inpatients with psychotic symptoms using acceptance and commitment therapy: Pilot results. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 415-437.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gelernter, C.S., Uhde, T.W., Cimbolic, P., Arnkoff, D.B., Vittone, B.J., Tancer, M.E., et al. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments of social phobia: A controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 938-945.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Gifford, E.V., Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S.C., Antonuccio, D.O., Piasecki, M.M., Rasmussen-Hall, M.L., et al. (2004). Acceptance-based treatment for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689-705.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Gifford, E.V., Pierson, H., Smith, A.A., Bunting, K., & Hayes, S.C. (2003). Adherence raters' manual for NIDA ACT/Bupropion Smoking Cessation Treatment Study. Unpublished instrument, University of Nevada, Reno.
  • Glaoguen, V., Cottraux, J., Cucherat, M., & Blackburn, I.M. (1998). A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 49, 59-72.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gould, R.A., Otto, M.W., Pollack, M.H., & Yap, L. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 28, 285-305.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Gregg, J.A. (2004) A randomized controlled effectiveness trial comparing patient education with and without acceptance and commitment therapy for type 2 diabetes self-management. Unpublished dissertation.
  • Guy, W. ( 1976). ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
  • Hansen, N.B., Lambert, M.J., & Forman, E.M. (2002). The psychotherapy dose-response effect and its implications for treatment delivery services. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 329-343.[Web of Science]
  • Hayes, S.C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the new behavior therapies: Mindfulness, acceptance, and relationship. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 1-29). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, S.C., Bissett, R.T., Korn, Z., Zettle, R.D., Rosenfarb, I.S., Cooper, L.D., et al. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. Psychological Record, 49, 33-47.[Web of Science]
  • Hayes, S. C., Follette, V. M., & Linehan, M. M. (Eds.). (2004). Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, S.C., Luoma, J.B., Bond, F.W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K.G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K.D., Wilson, K.G., Bissett, R.T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., et al. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. Psychological Record, 54, 553-578.[Web of Science]
  • Hayes, S.C., Wilson, K.G., Gifford, E., Bissett, R., Batten, S., Piasecki, M., et al. (2004). A preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts. Behavior Therapy, 35, 667-688.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Hofmann, S.G. (2004). Cognitive mediation of treatment change in social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 392-399.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Hollon, S.D., Thase, M.E., & Markowitz, J.C. (2002). Treatment and prevention of depression. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 3, 1-39.[CrossRef]
  • Hope, D.A., Heimberg, R.G., & Bruch, M.A. (1995). Dismantling cognitive-behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 637-650.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jacobson, N.S., Dobson, K.S., Truax, P.A., Addis, M.E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J.K., et al. (1996). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 295-304.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jacobson, N.S., & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33-47.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kashdan, T.B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J.P., & Steger, M.F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Lambert, M.J., Burlingame, G.M., Umphress, V., Hansen, N.B., Vermeersch, D.A., Clouse, G.C., et al. (1996). The reliability and validity of the Outcome Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 3, 249-258.
  • Lappalainen, R., Lehtonen, T., Skarp, E., Taubert, E., Ojanen, M., & Hayes, S.C. (in press). The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychotherapy trainee therapists: A preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification.
  • Levitt, J.T., Brown, T.A., Orsillo, S.M., & Barlow, D.H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Liese, B.S., Barber, J.P., & Beck, A.T. (1995). The Cognitive Therapy Adherence and Competence Scale. Unpublished instrument, University of Kansas Medical Center.
  • Linehan, M.M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Lovell, K., Marks, I.M., Noshirvani, H., Thrasher, S., & Livanou, M. (2001). Do cognitive and exposure treatments improve various PTSD symptoms differently? A randomized controlled trial. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 107-112.[CrossRef]
  • Lundgren, A.T. (2004). Development and evaluation of an integrative health model in the treatment of epilepsy: Two randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of a short term ACT intervention, yoga, and attention control therapy in India and South Africa. Unpublished thesis, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Mattick, R.P., Peters, L., & Clarke, J.C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia: A controlled study. Behavior Therapy, 20, 3-23.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • McCracken, L.M., & Eccleston, C. (2006). A comparison of the relative utility of coping and acceptance-based measures in a sample of chronic pain sufferers. European Journal of Pain, 10, 23-29.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K.E., & Eccleston, C. (2005). Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long-standing chronic pain: A preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1335-1346.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • McGinn, L.K., & Sanderson, W.C. (2001). What allows cognitive behavioral therapy to be brief: Overview, efficacy, and crucial factors facilitating brief treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8, 23-27.[Web of Science]
  • McGrath, K.B., Forman, E.M., del Mar Cabiya, M., Hoffman, K.L., Marques, K., Moitra, E., et al. (2005, November). Development and validation of the Drexel University ACT/CBT Therapist Adherence Rating Scale. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Behavior and Cognitive Therapies, Washington, DC.
  • Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M. (Eds.). (2002). A guide to treatments that work (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Norcross, J.C., Hedges, M., & Castle, P.H. (2002). Psychologists conducting psychotherapy in 2001: A study of the Division 29 membership. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39, 97-102.[CrossRef]
  • Paunovic, N., & Ost, L.G. (2001). Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1183-1197.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164-172.[CrossRef]
  • Persons, J.B., Roberts, N.A., Zalecki, C.A., & Brechwald, W.A. (2006). Naturalistic outcome of case formulation-driven cognitive-behavior therapy for anxious depressed outpatients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1041-1051.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Robinson, L.A., Berman, J.S., & Neimeyer, R.A. (1990). Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: A comprehensive review of controlled outcome research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 30-49.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Roth, A., & Fonagy, P. (2005). What works for whom: A critical review of psychotherapy research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Scholing, A., & Emmelkamp, P.M. (1993). Exposure with and without cognitive therapy for generalized social phobia: Effects of individual and group treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 667-681.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Segal, Z.V., Williams, J.M.G., & Teasdale, J.D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press.
  • Smits, J.A.J., Powers, M.B., Cho, Y., & Telch, M.J. (2004). Mechanism of change in cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder: Evidence for the fear of fear mediational hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 646-652.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Teasdale, J.D., Scott, J., Moore, R.G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., & Paykel, E.S. (2001). How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression? Evidence from a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 347-357.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Teasdale, J.D., Segal, Z., & Williams, J.M.G. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 25-39.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Twohig, M.P., Hayes, S.C., & Masuda, A. (2006) Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 3-13.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Weissman, A.N., & Beck, A.T. (1978, March). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale: A preliminary investigation. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Westbrook, D., & Kirk, J. (2005). The clinical effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy: Outcome for a large sample of adults treated in routine practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1243-1261.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wilson, G.T. (1995). Empirically validated treatments as a basis for clinical practice: Problems and prospects. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, R. M. Dawes, & K. E. Grady (Eds.), Scientific standards of psychological practice: Issues and recommendations (pp. 163-196). Reno, NV: Context Press.
  • Woods, D.W., Wetterneck, C.T., & Flessner, C.A. (2006). A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 639-656.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Zettle, R.D. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) vs. systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. Psychological Record, 53, 197-215.[Web of Science]
  • Zettle, R.D., & Hayes, S.C. (1986). Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior: The context of reason giving. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 4, 30-38.
  • Zettle, R.D., & Rains, J.C. (1989). Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 436-445.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Behavior Modification, Vol. 31, No. 6, 772-799 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445507302202
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Clinical Case StudiesHome page
D. E. Baruch, J. W. Kanter, A. M. Busch, and K. L. Juskiewicz
Enhancing the Therapy Relationship in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Psychotic Symptoms
Clinical Case Studies, June 1, 2009; 8(3): 241 - 257.
[Abstract] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (8)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Forman, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Geller, P. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Forman, E. M.
Right arrow Articles by Geller, P. A.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?