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Behavior Modification
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An Empirical Investigation of Time-Out With and Without Escape Extinction to Treat Escape-Maintained Noncompliance

Gregory E. Everett

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

D. Joe Olmi

University of Southern Mississippi

Ron P. Edwards

University of Southern Mississippi

Daniel H. Tingstrom

University of Southern Mississippi

Heather E. Sterling-Turner

University of Southern Mississippi

Theodore J. Christ

University of Minnesota

The present study evaluates the effectiveness of two time-out (TO) procedures in reducing escape-maintained noncompliance of 4 children. Noncompliant behavioral function was established via a functional assessment (FA), including indirect and direct descriptive procedures and brief confirmatory experimental analyses. Following FA, parents were taught to consequate noncompliance with two different TO procedures, one without and one with escape extinction following TO release. Although results indicate TO without escape extinction is effective in increasing compliance above baseline levels, more optimal levels of compliance were obtained for all 4 children when escape extinction was added to the TO procedures already in place. Results indicate efficacy of TO with escape extinction when applied to escape-maintained noncompliance and are discussed as an initial example of the successful application of TO to behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement.

Key Words: time-out • escape extinction • escape-maintained behavior • noncompliance

Behavior Modification, Vol. 31, No. 4, 412-434 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445506297725
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