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Behavior Modification
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*Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
*Exercise for Children
*Exercise and Physical Fitness
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Physical Exercise as a Reinforcer to Promote Calmness of an ADHD Child

Nathan H. Azrin

Nova Southeastern University, nazrin{at}nova.edu

Christopher T. Ehle

Nova Southeastern University

Amy L. Beaumont

Nova Southeastern University

Age-appropriate reinforcers have been found to be effective in promoting attentiveness and calmness with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study with a 4-year-old ADHD boy found attentive calmness was substantially increased from a mean of about 3 seconds per trial to the maximum scheduled duration of 60 seconds by using a scheduled period of physical activity as the reinforcer for the attentive-calmness. These results suggest the possible use of this type of reinforcer as an addition or substitution for the usual reinforcers in contingency management with ADHD children.

Key Words: ADHD • hyperactivity • contingent activity • reinforcement • treatment

Behavior Modification, Vol. 30, No. 5, 564-570 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445504267952
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