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Behavior Modification
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Emotions and Golf Performance

An IZOF-Based Applied Sport Psychology Case Study

Alexander B. Cohen

Gershon Tenenbaum

R. William English

Florida State University

A multiple case study investigation is reported in which emotions and performance were assessed within the probabilistic individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) model (Kamata, Tenenbaum,& Hanin, 2002) to develop idiosyncratic emotion-performance profiles. These profiles were incorporated into a psychological skills training (PST) intervention, with a focus on three emotional dimensions, that is, arousal, pleasantness, and functionality, and several psychological strategies employed during practice and competition. Two female varsity golfers at a major Division I university in the Southeast participated in the case study during the Spring 2002 season. The PST intervention resulted in enhanced emotional self-regulation skills and improved golf performance. Directions for future research into the IZOF model and implications for practical application of the model are discussed.

Key Words: emotions • performance • sport psychology • individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF)

Behavior Modification, Vol. 30, No. 3, 259-280 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445503261174
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