Behavior Modification

 

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Behavior Modification, Vol. 25, No. 4, 621-639 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445501254008

Critical Conditions for Hyperventilation Responses

The Role of Autonomic Response Propositions During Emotional Imagery

Ilse Van Diest

Patricia Proot

Karel P. Van De Woestijne

University of Leuven

Jiang Na Han

Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Stephan Devriese

Winnie Winters

Omer Van Den Bergh

University of Leuven

Hyperventilation is often conceived of as part of a fight-or-flight response, triggered by situations with high arousal and negative valence. However, a previous study using emotional imagery found hyperventilation responses during imagery of high-arousal scenes regardless of their valence. Those imagery scripts contained suggestions of autonomic activity, which may have partly induced or enhanced the hyperventilatory responsivity. The present study used four emotional scripts—depicting relaxing, fearful, depressive, and pleasant situations—without suggestions of autonomic or respiratory responses. After each imagery trial, participants rated their imagery for valence, arousal, and vividness. Fractional end-tidal carbon dioxide (FetCO2), inspiratory and expiratory time, tidal volume, and pulse rate were measured in a non-intrusive way. Results showed significant FetCO2 drops during the fearful and pleasant scripts. However, this effect was much smaller compared to imagery scripts with autonomic response propositions. Participants imagining scripts without autonomic response information found it harder to imagine the scripts vividly and reported lower levels of subjective arousal.


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