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Behavior Modification, Vol. 23, No. 4, 507-525 (1999)
DOI: 10.1177/0145445599234001

The Use of Virtual Reality Exposure in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

Barbara Olasov Rothbaum

Emory University School of Medicine

Larry F. Hodges

Georgia Institute of Technology

One possible alternative to standard in vivo exposure may be virtual reality exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer-generated virtual environment. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) is potentially an efficient and cost-effective treatment of anxiety disorders. VRE therapy has been successful in reducing the fear of heights in the first knowncontrolled study of virtual reality in the treatment of a psychological disorder. Outcome was assessed on measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitudes, and distress. Significant group differences were found on all measures such that theVREgroupwas significantly improved at posttreatment but the control group was unchanged. The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy was also supported for the fear of flying in a case study. The potential for virtual reality exposure treatment for these and other disorders is explored.


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